Monarchism is one of the oldest political institutions in human history, with its roots stretching back over 5,000 years to the dawn of organized civilization. The concept emerged from prehistoric tribal chieftainships as early agricultural societies needed centralized leadership for survival, defense, and managing large-scale projects, with early records dating back to Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt around 3100 BCE.

Refuting Misconceptions About Monarchism

The Royal Edge: Why Monarchs Are More Responsible With Power

The True Reason Why Monarchies Got Overthrown

Everything You Were Taught About Medieval Monarchy Is Wrong

Why Monarchy Is The Best Form of Government

Why Monarchy Is Best – Common Objections Answered

Why Monarchs Are Better Than Presidents (and Prime Ministers, Chancellors and etc.)

Why God Prefers Monarchies (Traditional Catholicism)

Is the Bible Against Monarchy?

The Biblical Case for Monarchy by Sacred Kingship

St. Thomas Aquinas Book about Monarchism…

On Kingship to the King of Cyprus

Thomas Aquinas, Gerald B. Phelan (Translator), I. Thomas Eschmann (Editor)

In the De regno, ad regem Cypri, an unfinished work, Thomas Aquinas planned to discuss two topics: the origin of kingly government and the things which pertain to the office of a king. In other words, it was to be both theoretical and practical.

The idea of the origin of kingly government was not to be a historical discussion; rather it encompasses the problem of the rational “origin” of monarchy. Thomas’ intention is to answer the question, “Why should one man in a given society be set over all other men.” The theoretical section of the treatise also contains a long “digression” on the reward of a king who performs his duty well and, correspondingly, on the punishment of a tyrant who fails to do so.

In Book Two, Aquinas starts by noting that the right practice of royal government is to be discovered by studying the model of God’s foundation of the universe. But he also turns to the ecclesiastico-political teaching on the relations between the two powers; it becomes a treatise on how a king in Christendom should govern by being subject in spiritual matters to the “divine government administered by priests.” The final section of Book Two deals with the monarch’s duty particularly in regard to the foundation of a kingdom.

The original printed Latin editions have proved too deficient to be the sole basis of this translation. Fr. Eschmann made a minute revision of the first translation against the readings of the manuscripts. The result is a reliable English version of Aquinas’ own synopsis of his political notions, with a sufficient introduction, a list of relevant variants in the manuscripts, an appendix of parallel texts from other writings of Aquinas, and a useful bibliography. Link: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1674457.On_Kingship_to_the_King_of_Cyprus

IN SHORT, ST. THOMAS AQUINAS “DE REGNO” (ON KINGSHIP) is about…

De Regno (or On Kingship) is a political treatise written by St. Thomas Aquinas between 1265 and 1266 for the King of Cyprus. It explores the origins of government, arguing that monarchy is the best form of rule—when directed toward the common good—and discusses how to prevent it from becoming tyranny

IMPORTANT NOT: The text was left unfinished but serves as a key text on Aquinas’s political philosophy and the Christian understanding of civic authority.

AI (Artificial Intelligence): Other Ideas That Shaped Monarchism…

1.) Why Socrates hated Democracy (aka Demagougery/Populism or Mob Rule):

Socrates viewed Athenian democracy as a system that granted too much power to the uneducated populace, making it vulnerable to manipulation by demagogues and leading to poor decisions. He argued that voting is a skill requiring wisdom and knowledge, comparable to operating a ship, and that electing leaders should be the domain of specialists rather than the unlearned. Socrates was pessimistic about rule by the crowd, fearing that it would lead to societal “shipwreck” through ill-informed choices and a corruption of the common good.

Socrates’s Core Arguments Against Democracy

Voting is a skill, not a right:

Socrates believed that participating in government requires specific knowledge and expertise, much like being a skilled sailor or a captain. He argued that simply allowing everyone to vote, regardless of their understanding of complex political issues, was irresponsible.

The tyranny of the majority:

He worried that a system based on majority rule could lead to the masses making foolish decisions based on emotion or superficial appeal, rather than on rational judgment or informed understanding of the issues.

Vulnerability to demagoguery:

Socrates was deeply concerned that democracy provided an opening for “demagogues”—political leaders who use charisma, prejudices, and false promises to gain power by manipulating voters.

Rule by the uneducated crowd:

He felt that governing should be the work of specialists who possess the necessary wisdom and knowledge to interpret complex issues and make sound decisions for the state.

The Ship Analogy

A central analogy used by Socrates, and famously detailed by his student Plato, likens society to a ship at sea. He questioned who should be in charge: a skilled and trained captain or a random passenger chosen by vote? For Socrates, democracy was like letting untrained, uneducated individuals navigate a vessel through a storm; it was bound to lead to disaster.

Historical Context

Socrates was critical of the Athenian democracy of his time, and his openly antidemocratic views contributed to the suspicion that led to his conviction and execution by a democratic process.

2.) Plato proposed the forms of government to illustrate how justice in the state reflects justice in the individual soul, arguing that a just society, like a just soul, is one where reason rules. In his book The Republic, he identified five forms: aristocracy, which he considered ideal; timocracy, rule by the honorable; oligarchy, rule by the rich; democracy, rule by the people; and tyranny, rule by a single despot. Plato advocated for aristocracy, led by wise philosopher-kings, as the best form because it ensures that reason, rather than desire or wealth, governs the city.

Why Plato proposed the forms of government?

To define the just state:

Plato’s primary goal was to understand what constitutes a just city and, by extension, a just individual. By examining the different forms of government and their decay, he sought to define the perfect political state.

To show the relationship between individual and state:

He believed that the structure of the state mirrored the structure of the human soul. The ideal state, with its ruler possessing reason, corresponds to the rational part of the individual.

To critique contemporary governments:

Plato, through the character of Socrates, critiqued existing forms of government like democracy. He saw democracy as flawed because it was susceptible to the whims of the masses and could lead to instability and the elevation of persuasion over truth.

The five forms of government and their critique:

Aristocracy (Ideal):

Rule by the best and most virtuous, specifically philosopher-kings who are guided by reason and wisdom.

Timocracy:

A government where honor and military valor are the primary values, eventually leading to a preoccupation with wealth.

Oligarchy:

Rule by the rich, where wealth becomes the sole qualification for power and can lead to social and economic inequality.

Democracy:

Rule by the people, which Plato viewed critically for its potential to descend into chaos and mob rule, prioritizing individual freedom to an excessive degree.

Tyranny:

The worst form of government, resulting from the degeneration of democracy, where a single ruler exercises absolute power.

3.) Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan (published in 1651) in response to the political instability and fear of the English Civil War (1642-1651) to advocate for an absolute sovereign to impose order and prevent a “state of nature” where life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”. He argued that individuals should enter a “social contract” to create a powerful, centralized government, the “Leviathan,” in exchange for peace and security.

Context: The English Civil War

Hobbes witnessed the political and religious violence of the English Civil War, which led to the beheading of King Charles I and widespread fear.

This period was characterized by uncertainty and conflict, with competing interests between Parliamentarians and Royalists vying for power.

The State of Nature

Hobbes believed that without a strong government, humans would exist in a “state of nature” where they are equal but driven by self-interest.

In this state, life would be a perpetual state of war, defined by “”continued fear and danger of violent death,” leaving no room for industry, agriculture, or society.

The Social Contract

To escape the “war of all against all,” Hobbes proposed a social contract in which people voluntarily surrender their individual freedoms and power to an absolute sovereign.

This sovereign, the “Leviathan,” would then have total authority to enforce laws and ensure peace, preventing the descent into chaos.

The “Leviathan” as Government

The “Leviathan” is a metaphor for a powerful, unified, and absolute government that acts as the head and body of the commonwealth.

This powerful state was necessary to maintain order and provide security, which Hobbes believed was essential for human well-being and the avoidance of societal collapse.

4.) Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 as both a pragmatic job application to gain favor and employment with the new Medici rulers of Florence, and to provide a realistic guide for rulers, like Giuliano de’ Medici, to achieve and maintain political stability and power, especially in a fragmented and conflict-ridden Italy. He sought to offer guidance based on the “effectual truth” of how politics was actually practiced, rather than on idealized notions of how rulers should act, using his own diplomatic and political experiences as a source of practical advice.

Motivations for writing The Prince?

A Job Application:

After the Medici returned to power in Florence in 1512, Machiavelli, a former diplomat, found himself sidelined and exiled. He wrote The Prince as a way to demonstrate his political usefulness and regain a public service position.

A Handbook for Rulers:

: Machiavelli intended The Prince to be a practical guide for governing, a departure from earlier works in the “mirror for princes” tradition that focused on ideal rulers and virtues. He aimed to provide a “handbook for rulers” focused on maintaining power in the real world, not in a perfect or imaginary state.

Political Stability for Italy:

Italy was a collection of independent, often warring states, and was subject to foreign influence. Machiavelli believed that a strong, united Italy was necessary and suggested that the ruler who followed the principles in The Prince could bring stability and repel foreign powers.

Political Realism:

: Machiavelli’s experiences as a diplomat gave him firsthand knowledge of political maneuvering and the chaos of his time. He wanted to write about the “effectual truth” of politics—how power was actually gained and kept—even if it meant employing immoral acts.

Context and Influences:

The “Mirror for Princes” Genre. The Prince is part of a long tradition of educational texts that offer advice to rulers.

Political Chaos in Italy:

Machiavelli’s work was a product of the intense political conflicts and foreign invasions that plagued Italy in his lifetime.

Real-World Experience:

His extensive experience in Florentine politics and diplomacy informed his pragmatic approach to statecraft and his focus on effective leadership.

Why The French Revolution Was Worse Than You Thought -Pax Tube

Citations regarding PAX TUBE’s Explanation regarding HISTORICAL FACTS THAT SUPPORTS HIS ARGUMENTS IN THE YOUTUBE VIDEO: ‘Why The French Revolution Was Worse Than You Thought..’ See below…

“The French Revolution is often portrayed in the West as a case of the oppressed masses rising up against a tyrannical monarchy, nobility, and clergy. This narrative is often backed up by films, history textbooks, and even video games. But the truth is the reality of the French Revolution is much more complicated that. In reality, the French Revolution took a flawed system and turned it into a monstrosity that was much worse. In this video on Pax Tube, I explain why The French Revolution was worse than it is often portrayed, and how its flawed philosophies led to the Reign of Terror and more. Listen in for a lesson about one of the most important and controversial events of modern history!” -words by PAX TUBE.

French Revolution: Marie Antoinette Was Not An Evil Monarch

Why Democracy Fails – Ignorance Outnumbers Wisdom

Feudalism and Capitalism

Why Monarchy Is Best – St. Thomas Aquinas

Tyrannical Monarchs And Overthrowing Them – St. Thomas Aquinas

The Facts Regarding ‘Mandate of Heaven’ and ‘Divine Right To Rule’.

The Mandate of Heaven (Tianming) is a Chinese concept legitimizing a ruler’s power based on their moral fitness and divine approval.

– *Concept*: A ruler has divine approval as long as they govern wisely and justly. If they fail, the mandate is withdrawn, and rebellion is justified.

Mandate of Heaven – How Dynasties Rise and Fall

The Divine Right of Kings is a European monarchist concept where a ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

– Impact on modern ideas of constitutional monarchies and separation of powers

Monarchism is a system where a monarch (king/queen/emperor) holds supreme authority, often hereditary.

Monarchism has been shown to promote unity, stability, and continuity in various studies. Here are some examples:

– *”The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology”* by Ernst H. Kantorowicz (1957) explores how monarchies provide stability and continuity through the concept of the “king’s two bodies”, separating the monarch’s physical and symbolic roles.

– *”Monarchical Influence on Governance: Stability, Tradition, and Modern Democratic Integration”* by Euginio Cedro (2024) highlights how constitutional monarchies balance tradition with modern democratic norms, promoting stability and continuity. SEE Here: https://influence-journal.com/…/influence/article/view/243

-Introduction: Recovering Monarchy as a Foundational Category in the Genealogy of Modern Politics by Carolina Armenteros

– *”Monarchy and National Integration in Morocco: A Political System in Transition”* by Ian Lustick (2011) examines Morocco’s monarchy’s role in national integration.

– *”Symbolic Monarchy and Japanese Politics: The Role of the Emperor in a Changing Society”* by T. Yamazaki (2017) discusses Japan’s emperor’s symbolic role ¹.

Great Examples of How ‘Monarchism’ Changed The Global World and How It Became The Standard for Statecraft (For Better and For Worst Regardless of Popular and Unpopular Opinion, and Imperfections…) for all MONARCHISTS…

Monarchy Explained: How Kings and Queens Shaped Civilization

Absolute Monarchy – How Absolute were they Really?

How Feudalism Rebuilt The West?

Feudalism rebuilt Western Europe post-Roman Empire by creating a hierarchical system of lords, vassals, and serfs, providing stability and security. Key contributions: – Decentralized governance: Localized power structures emerged, adapting to post-Empire fragmentation. – Manorial economy: Self-sufficient estates became economic hubs. – Social order: Defined roles and obligations structured medieval society. – Chivalry and nobility: Influenced concepts of honor and duty. – Eternal contributions: – Shaped medieval Europe’s politics and society. – Influenced land ownership and aristocracy concepts. – Contributed to modern ideas of governance and hierarchy.

Why and How Feudalism Declined in Europe – Medieval History DOCUMENTARY

Trivia: Facts About the Finances of Some Monarchies. Refuting Misconceptions about the funding of known crowns/royal dynasty/royal families…

1.) Why Does Japan Still Have an Emperor? – How Money Works

2.) King of Thailand: the Richest King in the World?

3.) Monarchies vs. Republics: Impact on GDP Per Capita – Wharton Prof. Mauro Guillen

4.) The True Cost of the Royal Family Explained -CGP Grey

5.) Trivia About European Monarchies…

I. The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

II. The royal weddings that shaped European history

Semi-Constitutional Monarchy: Blueprint For Success

Why I’m A Monarchist?

Suggested book: “Atheism Kills: The Dangers of a World Without God – and Cause for Hope” is a book by Barak Lurie that argues atheism, as an ideology, is destructive to civilization, fostering chaos and totalitarianism. It claims a godless society leads to immoral, relativistic behavior and argues that religious, specifically Judeo-Christian, morality is essential for protecting rights and fostering civilization. Here: https://www.amazon.com/Atheism-Kills…/dp/B07BWTSNYQ…

Articles/Books/Write Ups about MONARCHISM…

Abbott, Tony (1995). The Minimal Monarchy: And Why It Still Makes Sense For Australia

Balmes, Jaime (1850). European Civilization: Protestantism and Catholicity Compared in their Effects on the Civilization of Europe[note 1]

Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne (1709). Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

Coulombe, Charles A. (2016). Star-Spangled Crown: A Simple Guide to the American Monarchy

Chateaubriand, François-René de (1814). Of Buonaparte, and the Bourbons, and of the Necessity of Rallying Round Our Legitimate Princes

— (2014). From Aristocracy to Monarchy to Democracy: A Tale of Moral and Economic Folly and Decay

Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Erik von (1952). Liberty or Equality: The Challenge of Our Times

Vegas Latapiè, Eugenio (1983). Memorias politicas. El suicidio de la monarquia y la Segunda Republica

Interesting Trivias…

This Repost/Reshared & approved by the Official Admins of Pre-Colonial Philippines Group (PreCoPhiGr)

1.) HRM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram , De Jure 35th monarch of The Royal House of Sulu . Raha Muda (Crown Prince) during Presidential Order Memorandum 427 Year 1974 Sulu coronation. Son of the late 34th monarch. One of the legal heirs or present day descendants (1 of the inheritors of Sabah Private Lease agreement) by the power of McCaskie Court Decision Year 1939.

2.) HRH Datu (Prince) Kiram Nizamuddin (Datu Nizamuddin Kiram ), Maharadjah adinda 2nd heir apparent to the Sulu Throne.

3.) Shemuel Gallardo Vivar , Filipino monarchist, aristocrat & conservative (moderate conservatism). Admin of the Facebook page, Pilipinas: Mga Katutubong “Dugong Bughaw”. Shem is currently serving at the royal court of Sulu. CulinaryGrad, Humss12grad, Pre-Colonial Advocate, LGBTQIA member & admirer of Animist-Hinduist-Buddhist arts history philosophy heritage & etc. A descendant of The Vivar Clan of Kamaligan (Camalig) & Pinag Gubatan (Guinubatan), Albay of Las Islas Filipinas. A line of Catholic Maguinoo (Nobility).

Additional educational or historical answers or developments about Sulu & Kiram Royal family under 35th Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram & his future legitimate hereditary successors. See here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1EmwASD4sz/

1.) Isabella La Catolica (Isabella The Catholic). Not perfect but not a villain. A visionary during the end of medieval era. A proponent of legal pluralism aka “Mestizaje”. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1AYZrTzzhW/

2.) The truth about the histories regarding Christopher Columbus & the overlooked benevolence of Spain as the guarantor of indigenous rights. Separating Facts and Fiction. Explained by the Tiktoker Hispanic Empire. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1BqFZV2k3B/

3.) Topic: Spain just like every civilisations. Not just a foreign intervention but also a collective aspirations (& civil wars) of all civilisations fighting for survival. And why Spain never conquered mexico. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1CjkvvZeqS/

5.) The Mark Of Empire: Kingdoms Of The Sea – The Legendary Sultanate of Sulu That Ruled The Southern Seas…

6.) ‘Ruben langs de zuid chinese zee’. The documentary was recently featured in the dutch media (VPRO), often focusing on in depth, personal stories in Asia. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Bi81fDx6W/

Why Monarchies Are Still relevant & Useful in the 21st century? Think Monarchies are bad? Think again. By Akhilesh Pillamarri. Here: Why Monarchies Are Still Relevant and Useful in the 21st Century – The Diplomat https://thediplomat.com/…/why-monarchies-are-still…/

I dedicate this page to my friend the 35th Sultan of Sulu—Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, The Rajah Muda (Crown Prince) by The Power of Presidential Order Memorandum 427 Year 1974

Sultanate of Sulu

The Royal Sultanate of Sulu (Sultaniyyah Sin Lupah Sug) is an Islamic Tausug state, a subnational monarchy within an autonomous region in the southern Philippines. Its territories include many islands in the Sulu Archipelago and Northern Borneo (Sabah).

The Sultanate began life in 1405 and was officially founded as a theocratic state in 1457 by a Johore-born Arab explorer and religious scholar Sayyid Abu Bakr Abirin, a direct descendant of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. After the marriage of Abu Bakr Abirin and a local heiress, Dayang-Dayang (princess of the first degree) Paramisuli, he founded the Sultanate and assumed the title Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hāshim. In the course of the following contacts with Europeans, the Sultanate of Sulu was internationally recognised as a Kingdom (or a Royal Sultanate).

Official flag of the Sultanate of Sulu

The Tausug people of Sulu have been a sovereign people for more than 600 years. Once an influential thalassocracy, the Sultanate faced several attempts to be abolished by colonisers. This occurred in 1915, when the U.S.A. imposed a highly restrictive agreement, and again in 1936, when the former Commonwealth of the Philippines under U.S. influence, decided to ignore the Sultanate’s temporal authority. However all these attempts failed to deprive either the Sultanate or its monarch of sovereign rights and state status.

In 1957, 1962, 1969 and 1974, the present-day Republic of the Philippines officially recognised the continued existence of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu and the status of its monarch as recorded in public documents. The Sultanate has been part of an autonomous area of the Republic since 1979.

Furthermore, certain prerogatives of the Sultanate, as a genuine traditional and indigenous institution, are specifically supported by a correspondent Philippine law enacted in 1997.

The head of the Royal House of Sulu since 16 February 1986 is His Royal Majesty Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo. He is the eldest son and Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of the late Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram who reigned from 1974 to 1986 and grandson of Sultan Mohammed Esmail Enang Kiram who reigned from 1950 to 1974.

Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram is recognised by royal families and international organisations as the constituent monarch of Sulu. His Majesty currently resides in Jolo, Sulu, near the historical seat of the Sultanate.

Ancient Royalty of the Philippines: Kings Erased Over Time? | Philippine History 101

@kuyaarcher
Sinaunang Royalty ng Pilipinas: Mga Haring Nabura sa Paglipas ng Panahon? | Philippine History 101
♬ original sound – Archlight ASINTADONG KAALAMAN – Archlight ASINTADONG KAALAMAN

The Sultan

His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram, The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo is the Head of The Royal House of Sulu and the Grand Sayyid and Hereditary Sovereign of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl.

His Royal Majesty was born on 28 August 1966 in Jolo, Sulu. He is the oldest son of the late Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram of Sulu (reigned 1974–1986) and his first wife Dayang Dayang Farida Tan-Kiram.

Ancestors of His Royal Majesty The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, by straight male line are the following: Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah Kiram (father of His Majesty) – Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram (grandfather of His Majesty) – Sultan Mawallil Wasit Kiram – Sultan Jamalul A’Lam – Sultan Moh. Polalun Kiram – Sultan Jamalul Kiram I – Sultan Alimud Din II – Sultan Sharapud Din – Sultan Alimud Din I.

As a child, on 24 May 1974, His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram was crowned as Raja Muda (Crown Prince, heir to the Throne) of the Sultanate of Sulu. It was on the same day, when His Majesty´s father was crowned as the Sultan of Sulu. This acts were supported by H.E. Ferdinand Marcos, President of Republic of Philippines. In official Memo Order No. 427 issued at that time, it was stated, that “The Government has always recognised the Sultanate of Sulu as the legitimate claimant to the historical territories of the Republic of Philippines”. In that way, Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram and (then) Crown Prince Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram became last bearers of these functions, officially recognized by the Government of Republic of Philippines.

After the passing of the late Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram of Sulu and Nort Borneo, His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram became Head of The Royal House of Sulu and North Borneo (Kiram Dynasty), on 16 February 1986.

His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram studied at Universidad de Zamboanga (Zamboanga City, Philippines), becoming Bachelor of Arts. His Majesty continued his higher studies in Lahore (Pakistan), between 1995 and 1996.

In 2011, His Majesty used his sovereign rights of legal “Fons Honorum” (Fount of Honour), by founding The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl of Sulu, and becoming Grand Sayyid (Grand Master) of this distinguished Order.

His Majesty Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram was crowned as the 35th legitimate Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, on 16 September 2012. The Coronation took place in Mainbung, Sulu, in presence of dignitaries of the Sultanate, foreign guests, as well as a large number of the Tausug people of Sulu.

In marriage with Her Royal Majesty Ampun Babai Mellany S. Kiram, His Royal Majesty Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram has seven children: HRH Raja Muda (Crown Prince) Moh. Ehsan S. Kiram, HRH Datu Nizamuddin S. Kiram, HRH Dayang-Dayang Rahela S. Kiram, HRH Datu Jihad S. Kiram, HRH Datu Mujahid S. Kiram, HRH Dayang-Dayang Redha S. Kiram and HRH Datu Mahakuttah S. Kiram.

His Majesty is also member of highest ranks of distinguished foreign Orders of Chivalry, such as: Grand Cross of The Royal Order of the Drum of Rwanda, Grand Cross of The Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Seamless Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ of Georgia, Grand Cordon of The Order of the Ethiopian Lion and Royal Order of the Engabu of The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara.

The Philippine Sea Empire That Dominated Southern Maritime Trade For Centuries | The Mark Of Empire

H.M. Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram of Sulu with the Hon. Vice Governor Abdusakur M. Tan after signing the Unity Covenant of the Royal Family on the 9th of April 2016

MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 427, ISSUED 10 MAY 1974

Memorandum Order No. 427, ISSUED 10 MAY 1974

Heraldic Additiaments

By H.E. Lt. Cmdr. Nicholas Hoffmann (USN) GCPS

Master of Protocol

Like many heraldic jurisdictions, the Sultanate of Sulu maintains a system of additiaments to heraldically display titles of nobility and other distinctions conferred by HM the Sultan. In early 2020, the following system of additiaments was approved by His Majesty, and is used by his heralds when illustrating arms belonging to the Royal Family, Sulu nobility, and others who have been decorated by the Sultanate. It is hoped that those holding a Sulu distinction bear these additiaments with pride when having their arms depicted or registered. Sulu additiaments are broadly divided into four categories, as follows:

ADDITIAMENTS OF THE ROYAL FAMILY OF SULU

All members of the Royal Family of Sulu bear crowns or coronets of rank (upon a cap Vert) as described below. In addition to the listed crowns, members of the Royal Family of Sulu are entitled to supporters, and to display their arms upon a pavilion Vert doubled Argent and bordered Argent and Azure (with three-tongued flames Or).

In addition, members of the Royal Family are entitled to display a decorated black Malay cap (songkok) above their arms. Of note, this headdress may actually be worn by the holder of the given title, and is often worn by HM the Sultan and his relatives.

H.M. the Sultan

A royal crown Or consisting of a jeweled circlet surmounted by alternating leaves and star-and-crescent devices. The crown has five visible pearled arches, and is topped with a star-and-crescent.

A black songkok cap embroidered gold with two rows of pearls and a star-and-crescent badge upon a green cockade is borne above the shield.

The full heraldic achievement of H.M. the Sultan, including pavilion, crown, songkok cap, and supporters, along with the Collar of the Order of the Pearl (which HM holds ex officio as Grand Sayyid). (Aleksander Bachko, www.czipm.org)

H.R.H. the Raja Muda (Crown Prince)

A royal crown Or consisting of a jeweled circlet surmounted by alternating leaves and star-and-crescent devices. The crown has three visible pearled arches, and is topped with a pearl Argent.

A black songkok cap similar to that of HM the Sultan but with only one row of pearls is borne above the shield.

Heraldic achievement of H.R.H. the Raja Muda, including pavilion, crown, songkok cap, and supporters. Note the label Argent as befits the eldest son of HM the Sultan. (Aleksander Bachko, www.czipm.org)

H.R.H. Maharaja Adinda (Prince, younger son of HM the Sultan)

as for Raja Muda, but with only the centre pearled arch visible.

H.R.H. Datu (M) / Dayang Dayang (F) (blood relative of HM the Sultan, member of the Royal House)

A coronet Or consisting of a jeweled circlet surmounted by three visible spikes (as per an ancient crown) alternating with two visible star-and-crescent devices.

H.H. Datu (M) / Dayang Dayang (F) (adopted relative of HM the Sultan, member of the Royal House)

As for blood relatives with the title HRH, but with acanthus leaves Or bearing oval jewels Azure in place of the star-and-crescents.

A black songkok cap embroidered gold with one row of pearls (the centre upon an escallop Argent) is borne above the shield.

Full heraldic achievements of two Datus of Sulu, showing pavilions, songkok caps, coronets, supporters, and Collars of the Order of the Pearl. Note in both cases the original personal arms are quartered with those of the Royal House. (Aleksander Bachko, www.czipm.org)

ADDITIAMENTS OF THE NOBILITY OF SULU

Both ranks of titled nobility are entitled to bear a coronet and a songkok cap with their arms as follows:

H.E. Datu Sadja (M) / Dayang (F)
A coronet Or consisting of a jeweled circlet surmounted by three visible spikes (as per an ancient crown) alternating with two visible sets of pearls (one over two) Argent. This coronet is displayed upon a cap Vert.

A black songkok cap embroidered gold with one row of pearls is borne above the shield.

The rank of Datu Sadja is also entitled to supporters, and to bear arms upon a pavilion Vert doubled Argent, and edged with sets of three flames Or.

Example of the heraldic achievement of a Datu Sadja of Sulu, including pavilion, coronet, songkok cap, and supporters. This individual also holds the Order of the Pearl. (Aleksander Bachko, www.czipm.org)

Hon. Tuan (M) / Sitti (F)

A coronet Or consisting of a jeweled circlet surmounted by three visible visible sets of pearls (one over two) Argent. This coronet is not displayed upon a cap.

A black songkok cap embroidered gold is borne above the shield.

Example of the heraldic achievement of a Tuan of Sulu, including coronet and songkok cap. Note insignia of a Distinguished Companion of the Order of the Pearl, and the absence of supporters and a pavilion. (Aleksander Bachko, www.czipm.org)

Additiaments Of Members Of The Royal And Hashemite Order Of The Pearl Of Sulu.

Grade of membership in the Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl is entitled to the following heraldic additiaments:

Pearl Collar

The member’s arms are encircled with the Collar of the Order. This grade is entitled to bear supporters.

Grand Cordon

The Badge of the Order upon a cordon and bow is displayed below the shield. The cordon may fully or partially enclose the shield. This grade is entitled to bear supporters.

Distinguished Companion / Companion / Officer / Member

The Badge of the Order (to include flames for Distinguished Companion) upon a ribbon is displayed below the shield. Depiction of a buckle on the ribbon for Officers and Members is optional.

Members given a special distinction of jure sanguinis are entitled to display a Malay kris dagger above a spear in fess above the Badge of the Order and below the shield. (This distinction only applies to members of the Royal Family of Sulu).

Depiction of the heraldic display of the Badges of the Order of the Pearl by class.

Additiaments Of Officers Of The Royal And Hashemite Order Of The Pearl Of Sulu.

Chancellery Officers administering the Order of the Pearl are likewise entitled to the display of their insignia of office behind their shields as follows:

Chancellor

Two batons Vert tipped Or, semé of Sulu double-swords (as the Badge of the Order of the Pearl) and stars-and-crescents, both Or crossed in saltire.

Vice Chancellor

As above, but one baton in pale behind the shield.

Grand Lieutenant

Two Sulu-style swords proper (bladed Argent, hilted Or) crossed in saltire.

Chronicler of Arms

A Chancellor’s baton as above crossed in saltire with a scroll proper.

Depiction of the additiaments for officers of the Order of the Pearl, L-R Chancellor, Grand Lieutenant, and Chronicler of Arms (H.E. Lt. Cmdr. Nick Hoffmann GCPS)

Master of Protocol

A Chancellor’s baton as above crossed in saltire with a Sulu-style sword as above.

Registrar

Two keys Or decorated with star-and-crescents crossed in saltire.

High Constable

Two kris daggers proper (bladed Argent, hilted Or) crossed in saltire.

(L-R) Additiaments for the Master of Protocol, Registrar, and High Constable of the Order of the Pearl (H.E. Lt. Cmdr. Nick Hoffmann GCPS)

Registrar of Arms

A pen Argent crossed with a scroll proper in saltire.

Master of Ceremonies

A Chancellor’s baton as above crossed in saltire with a kris dagger as above.

General Secretary

Two pens Argent crossed in saltire.

(L-R) Additiaments for the Registrar of Arms, Master of Ceremonies, and General Secretary of the Order of the Pearl (H.E. Lt. Cmdr. Nick Hoffmann GCPS)

All additiaments listed above may be borne together, as illustrated in a few of the examples. For example, an individual who is a Datu Sadja of Sulu, a Grand Cordon in the Order of the Pearl, and an official of the Order bears arms consisting of the following components:

Pavilion (by virtue of Datu Sadja title)
Coronet (by virtue of Datu Sadja title, above pavilion)
Crest and wreath (from initial achievement) resting upon cap
Cap (by virtue of Datu Sadja title; replaces helm if desired)
Supporters (by virtue of Datu Sadja title and Grand Cordon decoration)
Officers’ Insignia (in saltire behind shield)
Shield (from initial achievement)
Order of the Pearl badge (by virtue of Grand Cordon decoration, below shield)
Motto (from initial achievement, below shield or above crest)

Nobility of Sulu

Titles of Nobility

There are three main social classes of title holders in the Royal Sultanate of Sulu according to traditional customs.

Aside from the sovereign right of The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo to grant these titles, the rights of present day customary titles of the Tausug people of Sulu are protected by a special law in the Philippines known as “The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997“. This is further stipulated under “Rule IV – Part 1 – Section 2 of Administrative Order No. 1” issued by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples. The Sultanate of Sulu also adheres to the international resolution on the “Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples“ adopted by the United Nations in 2007.

In order of status and precedence from highest to lowest they are:

Datu (su-sultanun) which is acquired purely by inherited lineage or formal relationship to the Sultan. All recognized male members of the Royal House of Sulu hold this hereditary title and hold the style of His Royal Highness (H.R.H.). Their spouses, by virtue of marriage, automatically hold the title of Dayang Dayang (princess of first degree) and Her Royal Highness (H.R.H.). Adopted members of the Royal House of Sulu hold the style of His Highness (H.H.). Their spouses also hold the title of Dayang Dayang (princess of first degree) and have the style of Her Highness (H.H.).

Datu Sadja which may be acquired through the confirmation of the title (gullal) on a middleman or adviser of the Sultan. The gullal is made if a commoner has achieved outstanding feats or services in the line of duty through bravery, heroism, meritorious conduct, etc. Datu Sadja are mainly lifetime titles of nobility and the title holders hold the style of His Excellency (H.E.). Their spouses hold the title of Dayang and hold the style of Her Excellency (H.E.).

Tuan are those who are of minor nobility, roughly equivalent to lesser lords, who may have descended from higher nobility. The title holders have the style of Honourable (Hon.). Their spouses hold the title of Sitti and also have the style of Honourable (Hon.).

Coronets

Symbols of the Sultanate

Royal Sultanate of Sulu. National Flag Act. Passed 27 April 2011
(RC I 2011, 5, 2), entered into force 1 May 2011,
§ 1. Scope of application of Act
This Act establishes the heraldic description and form of the national flag of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu and the conditions and procedure for the use of the national flag.

§ 2. Meaning of national flag

The national flag is a symbol of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu, under the guidance of HM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, the legitimate heir and successor to HM late Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram.
State agencies, and bodies and persons exercising state authority have the right to use the national flag.

The official flag of the royal sultanate of Sulu is bright red and bears the highly stylised image of the Gateway to Mecca (which constitutes the main territorial symbol in the coat of arms of the sultanate) and below it, the State badge of the Sultanate, the keris=(First Heir-Apparent) and spear=(Second Heir-Apparent), both turned from the hoist. The canton of green bears the image of the inflamed crescent and star (shown in its full colours, that is, the crescent and the star are white and the flames are yellow) as well as two equal stripes, of blue and of white, at the hoist. Below the canton, a roundel white is placed as a representation of the pearl. The flag’s proportions are 2:3. The proportions of the main elements are established in two separate draughts.

The official Coat of Arms of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo under the guidance of HM Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo.

26.04.2012. On behalf of HM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, the Head of the Sultanate of Sulu and of the Royal House of Sulu, the Chancellery of the Royal House announced the launch of the official flag of HM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram.

Royal House of Sulu (Kiram dynasty) lesser coat of arms with collar, designed by H.E. Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev.

The Grand Sayyid coat of arms

Coat of arms of HRH Raja Muda (Crown Prince) Mohammad Ehsan S. Kiram designed by H.E. Datu Sadja Michael Y. Medvedev.

Esquire Magazine:The Powerful Rajahs and Sultans of Pre-Colonial Philippines by Justin Umali, Dec. 16, 2019

The Philippine archipelago was a collection of diverse political entities before the arrival of the Spanish.

There is a common misconception that the Spanish “discovered” the Philippines. That, prior to Spanish conquest, the Philippines had nothing but savage indios who needed the civilization of the West to enlighten it.

Of course, we now know just how far that notion is from the truth. We now understand that Filipino culture and society existed way before colonization, and slivers of it sometimes appear in popular culture: A TV show is set during the era or a discussion on pre-colonial heritage pops up now and then.

The fact is, the Philippine archipelago was a collection of diverse political entities before the arrival of the Spanish. One could probably draw comparisons to Ancient Greece with its various city-states, though the truth is a bit more complicated than that. A single article would hardly do justice to describing the full extent of pre-colonial politics, but let’s try to at least get an overview:

The Seafaring Datus of the Visayas

A lot of what we know of pre-colonial culture and politics comes from the Visayas, mainly thanks to early Spanish sources like Fr. Chirino and Miguel de Loarca. Because the Spanish first landed in the Visayas before settling in Manila, a lot of effort was made to understand the rules of the strange land and its people.

The most prominent of these was by far the Rajahnate of Cebu. Ruling from the central seat of power in Cebu, the Rajahnate was an important trading hub between the Sultanates of Mindanao and the Kingdom of Borneo to the south, the Rajahnates of Luzon to the north, and the Chinese Empire to the west.

The Kingdom of Cebu also had ties with the outside world. Founded by a minor prince of Sumatra, Sri Lumay, Cebu grew to become a major player in the archipelago’s local politics, By the time of Magellan in 1521, Rajah Humabon was the undisputed ruler of Cebu. Some 40 years later, Humabon’s cousin Rajah Tupas met the conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, and was the last Rajah of Cebu.

Although Cebu was a central polity in the Visayas, it was by no means the only one. Humabon famously had a rival in Lapu-Lapu, who ruled in the island of Mactan. Some sources assert that Lapu-Lapu was even stronger than his rival, on account of controlling a key position in the Visayan trade route.

This would be a common theme, with each island in the Visayas ruled by its own Datu. Chronicles from the time of Spanish arrival talked of dealings with people like Datu Urrao of Samar, Datu Bankaw of Limasawa, and Sikatuna in Bohol. Legazpi famously had a blood compact with Sikatuna to signify their alliance. This was the Spanish way: Ally with local Datus when they could and crush them when they could not.

The Spaniards also recorded other major players in the area at the time of their arrival: In the island of Mindoro, was the Kingdom of Ma-I, which had trade links with China as early as 972 CE, while the island of Panay was home to the Confederation of Madja-as, unique in its description as an alliance of local barangays in the area. The (now-famous) Datu Puti was the first known ruler of Madja-as.

The Rich Sultans of Mindanao

South of the Visayan islands lies the region of Mindanao, home to the Lumads, the Moros, and the seat of four major powers: the Rajahnate of Butuan, the Sultanate of Lanao, the Sultanate of Maguindanao, and the Sultanate of Sulu.

Butuan was one of the first polities that the Spaniards came into contact with. Chroniclers described the place as so abundant with gold that the houses were decorated with gold. One chronicler even claimed that Rajah Siagu’s alipin had gold jewelry, something unheard of in Europe. Butuan was regarded to be one of the richest states not just in the Philippine archipelago, but in Southeast Asia.

On the other side of Mindanao were the Muslim sultanates. Islam was first established in the Philippines in 1380 when Muslim traders set foot in the shores of Sulu and Jolo. The Sultanate of Sulu was founded on November 17, 1405, by Sharif ul-Kisham and quickly rose to become a maritime power, with close ties to the greater Muslim community in Mindanao and the Kingdom of Borneo. Sulu was rightfully feared by the Spanish for her pirate fleets that controlled the Celebes Sea.

The spread of Islam continued with the rise of the Sultanate of Maguindanao under Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan. Maguindanao was a proud state that was able to resist Spanish colonization, most famously under Sulat Kudarat from 1619 to his death in 1671.

Up north, near Lake Lanao, was a confederation of Maranao states. The history of the “men of the Lake” was deeply intertwined with Maguindanao: Sharrif Kabungsuwan was the one who influenced them to turn to Islam. The Maranao states eventually formed a sultanate with Balindong Bsar of House Masiu as its first Sultan.

Lanao and Maguindanao crossed paths again thanks to the Spanish. Spanish incursions into Mindanao threatened the Maranao way of life. It was Sultan Kudarat who rallied the men of the Lake into defending against the foreign incursion. The Spanish retreated within months.

The Old Rajahs of Luzon

Apart from the Datus of the Visayas, the kingdoms of Luzon had the most contact with the Spanish, though much less is written about them. Political power in Luzon was concentrated near the banks of the Pasig River, where trade from China made its way across the archipelago.

The major players near the Pasig River were the Kingdom of Tondo and the Rajahnate of Maynila. The two states shared a complex relationship, ranging from friendly to at war.

An old state that existed as early as 900 CE, Tondo engaged in trade and exerted its influence to as far as modern-day Laguna, Bulacan, and Pampanga through trade and war. The relationship between Tondo and the other polities was less that of a feudal lord and its vassals, and more of an alliance between a senior and lesser partner.

Tondo was ruled by a Lakan who, by the time of Spanish arrival, shared power with the Muslim Rajahnate of Maynila. One of the last Lakans of Tondo was the famous Lakandula, who lost to the Spanish in the fateful Battle of Bangkusay.

Maynila ultimately shared a similar fate against the Spanish, though its Rajahs hoped that their blood relations with the Sultanate of Brunei would save them. In one incident, the “Young Prince” Ache fought with his cousin, the Lakan of Tondo, who was encroaching on territory belonging to Maynila. Ache, exhorted by his mother to keep the peace, went to ask his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei for assistance. The Sultan gave Ache command of a naval force.

Ache was on his way back to Maynila to exact revenge on his cousin when he came upon the remnants of the Magellan expedition, which he attacked in hopes of expanding his fleet. Ache was captured but was released after paying a high ransom, whereupon he returned to his Kingdom. Not much is known after that incident.

Ache had another brush with the Spanish in the 1570s. Now known as Rajah Matanda, Ache and his counterpart in Tondo, Lakandula, tried to defend their kingdoms against Spanish invasion. Maynila was burned to the ground and the Spanish built Intramuros in its place.

Outside of the Tagalog regions states and polities were just as abundant. The state of Ibalon ruled in the Bicol peninsula and is known as the first Spanish settlement in Luzon. The Epic of Ibalon is still widely known in the Bicol region as a celebration of oral history and a creative blend of fact and fiction.

Going north, Rajahs had a complex relationship with native highland tribes. The Igorot of Benguet frequently exchanged gold with Chinese wares from Pangasinan while fighting Ilocanos in Samtoy. Pangasinan, particularly, is home to the legendary warrior-princess Urduja, who was said to have ruled in the 13th century.

There are more states now lost to history before Spanish arrival and thousands more stories from the people who lived and ruled during this period. But what’s important to remember is that we must always look at our past critically if we are to have an appreciation of our Filipino culture and heritage today.

Scott, W. Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Blair & Roberston. The Philippine Islands 1493-1898. University of the Philippines.

Newson, L. Conquest & Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Royal Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo

The Ruma Bichara (State Council)

Head of the Sultanate

His Royal Majesty Paduka Mahasari Al-Maulana Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram
ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Abdulla Kiram
The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo

Bendahara

His Excellency Datu Bendahara Gov. Abdusakur Mahail Tan, Al-Haj,
Bendahara of Sulu and North Borneo

Chairman

His Royal Highness Datu Yldon Tan Kiram

Executive Minister

The Honourable Engr. Darwin Sanaani, DCPS

Secretary General and Royal Ambassador

His Highness The Rajah of Tambulian, Datu Sadja Dr. Matthew Pajares Yngson, GCPS

Minister for Philippine Government Affairs

His Highness The Rajah of Pata, Amir Bahar of Sulu, Datu Kevin Randolph Carrion Limjoco, RCPS

Ministers of the Ruma Bichara

His Royal Highness Datu Yldon Tan Kiram
Hadji Awad Hamid
Mr. Elsan G. Tindick
Prof. Hadji Sangkulah Tindick
Prof. Nurhatab Abdullah
Hadji Muddasil Tulawie Abdullah
Engr. Nizam Abubakar Abdulla, PhD
Prof. Amirul Ahajul, PhD
The Hon. Judge Nabdar Malik (ret.)
Shiek Jaafar Asgali
Col. Darwin Abdullah Lacbao (ret.)
Mr. Najib Abubakar Abdulla
Hadji Pyzar Mohammad
Hadji Alkap Agga
Atty. Habib Abderson Alawi Antao
Hadji Alnajir Kadil
Hadji Abdulgajir Malli Kadil

The Sultanate also has the following Tuan Panglimas (district leaders) representing our people from all over the Sulu Archipelago.

Sulu – Nineteen (19) Panglima
Sabah – Sixty-two (62) Panglima
Zamboanga Peninsula – Ten (10) Panglima
Basilan – Ten (10) Panglima
Tawi-Tawi – Nineteen (19) Panglima

The Panglima in Sulu supporting H.M. The 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo

A passion for Continuity

What is Continuity?

Continuity represents the smooth, uninterrupted progression of events, ideas, or development over time, emphasizing consistency rather than abrupt change. It is essential for stability in history, nurturing growth in human development, and ensuring reliability in systems. Ultimately, continuity bridges the past and future, providing a steady foundation for growth and resilience. History Skills +4

In history, continuity refers to aspects of life, culture, or technology that remain consistent over long periods, surviving amidst surrounding changes. In development, it highlights the cumulative, gradual accumulation of skills and experiences. Whether in personal development or historical context, recognizing continuity allows us to understand how foundational elements persist and shape the present. It acts as the “thread” that binds, creating a cohesive story, structure, or existence. Without it, progress would be disjointed and unstable.

Renovation and restoration?

Why monarchies must be restored? Arguments for the restoration of monarchies, particularly in the context of constitutional monarchy, often center on the desire for stability, national unity, and a check on partisan politics, as seen in historical cases like the 1660 restoration of the English monarchy. Proponents suggest that a monarch, acting as a non-partisan Head of State, can provide continuity and a neutral, symbolic figurehead to represent the nation, often offering a sense of stability during political upheaval.

Continuous Support

What is Noblesse Oblige? Noblesse oblige is a French phrase translating to “nobility obliges,” referring to the concept that individuals with high social status, wealth, or power have a moral obligation to act with generosity, kindness, and responsibility toward others. It signifies that privilege entails duty, requiring elites to serve and protect their subordinates or the less fortunate

App Access

Facebook:

1.) Pilipinas: Mga Katutubong “Dugong Bughaw”. Here: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100065683831723

2.) The Royal House of Sulu. Here: https://www.facebook.com/sulusultanate

3.) Pre-Colonial Philippines Group (PreCoPhiGr). Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/g/17AwZftuCA/

Consulting

What are the rights of a constitutional monarch? A constitutional monarch’s rights are typically defined as a largely ceremonial, non-partisan role, often summarized as “the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn“. While they act as a symbol of state unity and continuity, their formal powers, such as appointing a prime minister or dissolving parliament, are usually exercised on the advice of elected officials. Study.com +4

Key Rights and Powers of a Constitutional Monarch:

The Right to be Consulted: Regular (often weekly) audiences with the Prime Minister to discuss government business, and receiving daily, confidential state papers.
The Right to Encourage/Warn: Providing confidential, non-partisan advice, experience, and feedback to government leaders behind the scenes.
Ceremonial Functions: Opening parliament, appointing prime ministers (often a formality based on election results), granting titles, and hosting foreign dignitaries.
Royal Prerogative/Reserve Powers: In rare, extreme constitutional crises, the monarch may have the discretion to act against or without ministerial advice to ensure the continuity of government, such as choosing a prime minister when no clear majority exists.
Approving Legislation: Formally signing laws or Orders in Council (promulgation). ConstitutionNet +7

Limitations:
Constitutional monarchs do not make policy or law and are expected to remain above party politics. Their authority is defined by a constitution or established custom, and failing to act on government advice can risk their position, as seen in historical abdication crises

Project Management

What are the ideal projects of a monarch? The ideal projects of a monarch are traditionally designed to consolidate power, showcase wealth and authority, and establish a lasting legacy, with a focus on public good and national stability. In both historical and modern contexts, these projects often include: UCL | University College London +1

Monuments and Palaces: Constructing, expanding, or improving royal residences and monuments (e.g., Versailles by Louis XIV, the Tower of London) that symbolize the state’s power, serve as centers of administration, and act as artistic and cultural hubs.
Infrastructure and Public Works: Developing infrastructure to enhance trade, communication, and economic growth, such as bridges, roads, and ports.
Cultural Patronage: Supporting arts, education, and literature to project a refined image of the court and promote national cultural identity.
Religious and Charitable Works: Building churches, cathedrals, or monasteries to demonstrate piety and defend the faith, as well as founding hospitals or almshouses.
Landscaping and Environmental Projects: Creating large gardens (like the gardens of Versailles) or, in modern contexts, focusing on conservation and ecological stability.
National Defense: Strengthening the military, building forts, and protecting borders to ensure stability and continuity. DigitalCommons@USU +4

In a modern constitutional context, these projects are often less about personal power and more about serving as a “Head of Nation” by fostering national unity, supporting voluntary services, and maintaining traditions. The Royal Family +3

Architectural Solutions in a project as an example? Astana Darul Jambangan

The Astana Darul Jambangan (“Palace of Flowers”) was the historic royal palace of the Sultanate of Sulu in Maimbung, Philippines, serving as the seat of power and residence of the Sultans since 1878. It was renowned as the largest royal palace in the Philippines before being destroyed by a typhoon in 1932. Wikipedia +3

Key Details About Astana Darul Jambangan:

Reconstruction: The reconstruction project was supported by local architects, artisans, and officials, including the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Eastern Caribbean-Southeast Asia Economic and Cultural Chamber +4

Location: Originally located in Maimbung, Sulu. A smaller, reconstructed replica was built at Mount Bayug in Talipao, Sulu.

Significance: It serves as a vital symbol of Tausug cultural heritage and royal pride.

Architecture: Known for a grand “Y” shaped staircase, a large gable roof reflecting Malay designs, and wrap-around terraces for cooling.

Current Status: While the original was destroyed, a bamboo replica exists to reflect a 1850s Tausug village. The site is linked to the 35th Sultan, HRM Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, who was crowned in 2012.

MORE ABOUT US? Go here:

sultanateofsulu.org

TRIVIA: The Possible Origin of This Tausug symbol is The Palin of Burma. Here you can see the similarity:

1.) The Palin (Throne) Read here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palin_(throne)

2.) Tausug People Read Here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people

3.) Arch Meccan Palin of Sulu. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/16yH82YoKQ/

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Youtube: Shemuel Gallardo Vivar’s Journey Here: https://www.youtube.com/@shemuelgallardovivarsjourn8814

This page is all about…

A world of thought-provoking articles, posts or ideas
Case studies that celebrate Royal and aristocratic traditions.
Exclusive access to the royal family of Sulu archipelago plus info about the 35th Sultan of Sulu- Sultan Muedzul Lail tan Kiram, the Raha Muda (crown prince) during Presidential Order Memorandum 427 Year 1974.
Check our past updates here (Below)
Update Number 1. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1C21aCaPKL/
Update Number 2. Here: Update 2: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1ApmGePq9d/
4.) How does the British style of Parliamentarism & Monarchism work? Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1R8rD2vrQh/ 5.) Pamana (Inheritance). Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CUrPxSp1L/ 6.) Sovereign Transfer of Sabah is revoked? Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1G3uA8mcem/ 7.) Angkan. Historic Bloodlines, Clans or lineages. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Kp2LDfNop/ 8.) The Philippines has no right to extend its continental shelf in Sabah? Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1HtGFKRTUg/ 9.) Parliamentary & Monarchism: If monarchism will once again be restored around the globe. Here: https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Cjy9oDjp1/
5.) Trivia: 1.) Republicanism is much more expensive and unstable (because of partisan politics) than Monarchies? Example: ____________ Trivia: As of March 17, 2025 The British monarchy costs £370m a year. Think we could do it cheaper with a republic? See the actual costs a new republic would need to bear in our new interactive game. Here: http://theroyalists.org.uk/build-republic
6.) The True Cost of The Royal Family by CGP Grey. Here: https://youtu.be/bhyYgnhhKFw?si=ZKiX8B8JBEgAvo6n
7.) Monarchies Vs. Republics: Impact on GDP per Capita -Wharton Prof. Mauro Guillen. Here: https://youtu.be/wQrRcIqhadY?si=lDqo2TqLDrlzZ_4H
8.) The Debate: Why Monarchies Are Still Relevant and Useful in the 21st Century by Akhilesh Pillamarri. Here: Why Monarchies Are Still Relevant and Useful in the 21st Century – The Diplomat https://share.google/f7ZJW9wuHiyLk4eO6
9.) Why I’m a Monarchist by Fritz Imperial. Here: https://youtu.be/YxertU2shnE?si=v-yVOBwF2HZnGW7W
10.) What is Monarchy? By PHILO-notes. Here: https://youtu.be/aGiEsvgEGu4?si=tbTlJzOukm-a9SXi
12.) The Royal Edge: Why Monarchs are more responsible in power? By Lavader. Here: https://youtu.be/_joDpaOjLx8?si=mJnBO0rGeQZ1oMOp
13.) The Biblical Case for Monarchy. By Sacred Kingship. Here: https://youtu.be/REB2bmXiSKk?si=59zS3BlB3E4pLGiT
14.) What are Monarchies|Decomplicated by The Independent. Here: https://youtu.be/M6mgLQOO7K8?si=PoQp2fV0h_dI9vQy
15.) Education for Monarchists by The Monarchist Channel. Here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyV6NujgJCrN9-4EPXzTbZGTKy375O-Ho&si=jKThPilRw52gaa–
16.) Rethinking Republics. By The Monarchist Channel. Here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyV6NujgJCrP1jk1yY4ejMkfUwsHjfMg-&si=fdv2lbxZH50e-BtZ

“I’m not a fan of popular opinion. I had chosen something that is more realistic and stable. An idea that is proven for five thousand years. Besides I’m an OTROVERT, I’am an individual who is emotionally independent. I don’t care being an outsider or loner. I do not seek external validation or conform to any groupthinkers. I wholeheartedly value deep, authentic connections more than any large social gatherings of hypocrites…”

Shemuel Gallardo Vivar is a Filipino monarchist, aristocrat & conservative (moderate conservatism). Admin of the Facebook page, Pilipinas: Mga Katutubong “Dugong Bughaw”. Shem is currently serving at the royal court of Sulu. CulinaryGrad, Humss12grad, Pre-Colonial Advocate, LGBTQIA member & admirer of Animist-Hinduist-Buddhist arts history philosophy heritage & etc. A descendant of The Vivar Clan of Kamaligan (Camalig) & Pinag Gubatan (Guinubatan), Albay of Las Islas Filipinas. A line of Catholic Maguinoo (Nobility). Serving The Royal House (Sultanate of Sulu and Sabah, North Borneo under The 35th Sultan Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram) since 2022.

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Shem is one of the Official Social Media Admin (OSMA) of HRM Sultan Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram , De Jure 35th monarch of The Royal House of Sulu . Sultan Muedzul is the Raha Muda (Crown Prince) of Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram (reigned 1974–1986) the last titular Sultan of Sulu officially recognized by the government of the Philippines during Presidential Order Memorandum 427 Year 1974 Sulu coronation. Sultan Muedzul is the successor of the 34th monarch and also one of the legal heirs or present day descendants (1 of the inheritors of Sabah Private Lease agreement) as confirmed or in accordance to the McCaskie Court Decision Year 1939.

“Monarchism as an ideology and form or way of thinking, living or governance had its own Pros and Cons (just like any other ideology)…but always choose the most practical that most of the time will result in unity, continuity, stability and non partisanship. A form of government inspired by both the divine and human inspirations and aspirations. A “hereditary principle” that is inspired by the universal truths that encompass all faith, languages, race, tribes and borders. Monarchy and being a true monarchist (Constitutional and Absolutist depends on you) is the only sole option a country can have. You still have time to elect or crown a hereditary head of state.” -Shemuel Gallardo Vivar

Part 1: A commitment to the Heavenly Mandate (天命 Tiānmìng) And Divine Right (Jus Divinum)…

Ideas That Shaped Monarchism…

WHAT ARE MONARCHIES? | Decomplicated

How old is the idea of monarchism?